Machine learning has emerged recently as a powerful tool for predicting properties of quantum many-body systems. For many ground states of gapped Hamiltonians, generative models can learn from measurements of a single quantum state to reconstruct the state accurately enough to predict local observables. Alternatively, kernel methods can predict local observables by learning from measurements on different but related states. In this work, we combine the benefits of both approaches and propose the use of conditional generative models to simultaneously represent a family of states, by learning shared structures of different quantum states from measurements. The trained model allows us to predict arbitrary local properties of ground states, even for states not present in the training data, and without necessitating further training for new observables. We numerically validate our approach (with simulations of up to 45 qubits) for two quantum many-body problems, 2D random Heisenberg models and Rydberg atom systems.

在有限的数据分布漂移下证明模型性能的鲁棒性最近引起了分布鲁棒性的保护。但是，现有技术要么对可以认证的模型类别和损失功能做出了强有力的假设，例如通过Lipschitz的梯度连续性表达的平滑度，要么需要解决复杂的优化问题。结果，这些技术的更广泛应用当前受其可伸缩性和灵活性的限制 - 这些技术通常不会扩展到具有现代深神经网络的大规模数据集，或者无法处理可能不太平滑的损失功能，例如0-1损失。在本文中，我们着重于证明黑框模型和有限损失功能的分配鲁棒性的问题，并根据Hellinger距离提出了一个新颖的认证框架。我们的认证技术缩放到Imagenet规模的数据集，复杂的模型以及各种损失功能。然后，我们专注于通过这种可伸缩性和灵活性启用的一个特定应用程序，即，对大型神经网络和损失功能（例如准确性和AUC）的跨域概括进行认证。我们在许多数据集上实验验证了我们的认证方法，从Imagenet（从Imagenet）提供了第一个非易变认证的偏置概括到较小的分类任务，我们能够与最先进的任务进行比较艺术并表明我们的方法的性能要好得多。

最近的研究表明，深神经网络（DNN）易受对抗性攻击的影响，包括逃避和后门（中毒）攻击。在防守方面，有密集的努力，改善了对逃避袭击的经验和可怜的稳健性;然而，对后门攻击的可稳健性仍然很大程度上是未开发的。在本文中，我们专注于认证机器学习模型稳健性，反对一般威胁模型，尤其是后门攻击。我们首先通过随机平滑技术提供统一的框架，并展示如何实例化以证明对逃避和后门攻击的鲁棒性。然后，我们提出了第一个强大的培训过程Rab，以平滑训练有素的模型，并证明其稳健性对抗后门攻击。我们派生机学习模型的稳健性突出了培训的机器学习模型，并证明我们的鲁棒性受到紧张。此外，我们表明，可以有效地训练强大的平滑模型，以适用于诸如k最近邻分类器的简单模型，并提出了一种精确的平滑训练算法，该算法消除了从这种模型的噪声分布采样采样的需要。经验上，我们对MNIST，CIFAR-10和Imagenet数据集等DNN，差异私有DNN和K-NN模型等不同机器学习（ML）型号进行了全面的实验，并为反卧系攻击提供认证稳健性的第一个基准。此外，我们在SPAMBase表格数据集上评估K-NN模型，以展示所提出的精确算法的优点。对多元化模型和数据集的综合评价既有关于普通训练时间攻击的进一步强劲学习策略的多样化模型和数据集的综合评价。

由于机器学习（ML）系统变得普遍存在，因此保护其安全性至关重要。然而，最近已经证明，动机的对手能够通过使用语义转换扰乱测试数据来误导ML系统。虽然存在丰富的研究机构，但为ML模型提供了可提供的稳健性保证，以防止$ \ ell_p $ norm界限对抗对抗扰动，抵御语义扰动的保证仍然很广泛。在本文中，我们提供了TSS - 一种统一的框架，用于针对一般对抗性语义转换的鲁棒性认证。首先，根据每个转换的性质，我们将常见的变换划分为两类，即可解决的（例如，高斯模糊）和差异可解的（例如，旋转）变换。对于前者，我们提出了特定于转型的随机平滑策略并获得强大的稳健性认证。后者类别涵盖涉及插值错误的变换，我们提出了一种基于分层采样的新方法，以证明稳健性。我们的框架TSS利用这些认证策略并结合了一致性增强的培训，以提供严谨的鲁棒性认证。我们对十种挑战性语义转化进行了广泛的实验，并表明TSS显着优于现有技术。此外，据我们所知，TSS是第一种在大规模想象数据集上实现非竞争认证稳健性的方法。例如，我们的框架在ImageNet上实现了旋转攻击的30.4％认证的稳健准确性（在$ \ PM 30 ^ \ CIC $）。此外，要考虑更广泛的转换，我们展示了TSS对自适应攻击和不可预见的图像损坏，例如CIFAR-10-C和Imagenet-C。

Pennylane是用于量子计算机可区分编程的Python 3软件框架。该库为近期量子计算设备提供了统一的体系结构，支持量子和连续变化的范例。 Pennylane的核心特征是能够以与经典技术（例如反向传播）兼容的方式来计算变异量子电路的梯度。因此，Pennylane扩展了在优化和机器学习中常见的自动分化算法，以包括量子和混合计算。插件系统使该框架与任何基于门的量子模拟器或硬件兼容。我们为硬件提供商提供插件，包括Xanadu Cloud，Amazon Braket和IBM Quantum，允许Pennylane优化在公开访问的量子设备上运行。在古典方面，Pennylane与加速的机器学习库（例如Tensorflow，Pytorch，Jax和Autograd）接口。 Pennylane可用于优化变分的量子本素体，量子近似优化，量子机学习模型和许多其他应用。

We address the challenge of building domain-specific knowledge models for industrial use cases, where labelled data and taxonomic information is initially scarce. Our focus is on inductive link prediction models as a basis for practical tools that support knowledge engineers with exploring text collections and discovering and linking new (so-called open-world) entities to the knowledge graph. We argue that - though neural approaches to text mining have yielded impressive results in the past years - current benchmarks do not reflect the typical challenges encountered in the industrial wild properly. Therefore, our first contribution is an open benchmark coined IRT2 (inductive reasoning with text) that (1) covers knowledge graphs of varying sizes (including very small ones), (2) comes with incidental, low-quality text mentions, and (3) includes not only triple completion but also ranking, which is relevant for supporting experts with discovery tasks. We investigate two neural models for inductive link prediction, one based on end-to-end learning and one that learns from the knowledge graph and text data in separate steps. These models compete with a strong bag-of-words baseline. The results show a significant advance in performance for the neural approaches as soon as the available graph data decreases for linking. For ranking, the results are promising, and the neural approaches outperform the sparse retriever by a wide margin.

Charisma is considered as one's ability to attract and potentially also influence others. Clearly, there can be considerable interest from an artificial intelligence's (AI) perspective to provide it with such skill. Beyond, a plethora of use cases opens up for computational measurement of human charisma, such as for tutoring humans in the acquisition of charisma, mediating human-to-human conversation, or identifying charismatic individuals in big social data. A number of models exist that base charisma on various dimensions, often following the idea that charisma is given if someone could and would help others. Examples include influence (could help) and affability (would help) in scientific studies or power (could help), presence, and warmth (both would help) as a popular concept. Modelling high levels in these dimensions for humanoid robots or virtual agents, seems accomplishable. Beyond, also automatic measurement appears quite feasible with the recent advances in the related fields of Affective Computing and Social Signal Processing. Here, we, thereforem present a blueprint for building machines that can appear charismatic, but also analyse the charisma of others. To this end, we first provide the psychological perspective including different models of charisma and behavioural cues of it. We then switch to conversational charisma in spoken language as an exemplary modality that is essential for human-human and human-computer conversations. The computational perspective then deals with the recognition and generation of charismatic behaviour by AI. This includes an overview of the state of play in the field and the aforementioned blueprint. We then name exemplary use cases of computational charismatic skills before switching to ethical aspects and concluding this overview and perspective on building charisma-enabled AI.

The release of ChatGPT, a language model capable of generating text that appears human-like and authentic, has gained significant attention beyond the research community. We expect that the convincing performance of ChatGPT incentivizes users to apply it to a variety of downstream tasks, including prompting the model to simplify their own medical reports. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted an exploratory case study. In a questionnaire, we asked 15 radiologists to assess the quality of radiology reports simplified by ChatGPT. Most radiologists agreed that the simplified reports were factually correct, complete, and not potentially harmful to the patient. Nevertheless, instances of incorrect statements, missed key medical findings, and potentially harmful passages were reported. While further studies are needed, the initial insights of this study indicate a great potential in using large language models like ChatGPT to improve patient-centered care in radiology and other medical domains.

The SINDy algorithm has been successfully used to identify the governing equations of dynamical systems from time series data. In this paper, we argue that this makes SINDy a potentially useful tool for causal discovery and that existing tools for causal discovery can be used to dramatically improve the performance of SINDy as tool for robust sparse modeling and system identification. We then demonstrate empirically that augmenting the SINDy algorithm with tools from causal discovery can provides engineers with a tool for learning causally robust governing equations.

Accurate and robust extrinsic calibration is necessary for deploying autonomous systems which need multiple sensors for perception. In this paper, we present a robust system for real-time extrinsic calibration of multiple lidars in vehicle base frame without the need for any fiducial markers or features. We base our approach on matching absolute GNSS and estimated lidar poses in real-time. Comparing rotation components allows us to improve the robustness of the solution than traditional least-square approach comparing translation components only. Additionally, instead of comparing all corresponding poses, we select poses comprising maximum mutual information based on our novel observability criteria. This allows us to identify a subset of the poses helpful for real-time calibration. We also provide stopping criteria for ensuring calibration completion. To validate our approach extensive tests were carried out on data collected using Scania test vehicles (7 sequences for a total of ~ 6.5 Km). The results presented in this paper show that our approach is able to accurately determine the extrinsic calibration for various combinations of sensor setups.